Abstract
Endocrine dysfunction often occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS), resulting in hyperglycemia and atherogenic blood lipid profile disorders. Asprosin is a newly discovered glucose-regulating hormone. The study aim was to determine whether the application of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) affects asprosin and selected adipocytokines as well as insulin resistance in menopausal women with metabolic disorders. A total of 37 menopausal women were exposed to 20 WBC (−130 °C, 3 min). Blood glucose, asprosin, irisin, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin were measured before and after 20 WBC treatments, after which a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. The results were analyzed in the MetS group compared to the controls (CON) without MetS, and in the hyperglycemic (HG) group compared to the normoglycemic group (NG). After 20 WBC, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in asprosin concentration was found in the MetS, HG, and CON groups, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose concentration was noted in the HG group. Changes in asprosin concentration positively correlated with changes in glucose concentration. Asprosin concentration before WBC correlated positively with metabolic disorder risk factor levels, and the change in asprosin concentration after 20 WBC correlated negatively with metabolic disorder risk factor levels: fasting glucose, AIP, and the leptin/adiponectin index. Research indicates the possibility of using WBC in supporting metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and insulin resistance.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of coexisting disorders that consist of elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and atherogenic disorders of blood lipid profile [1,2,3]
The aim of our research was to determine whether regular exposure of the whole body to cryogenic temperatures has an effect on changes in glucose, asprosin, and other hormones related to metabolism and insulin resistance in menopausal women with metabolic disorders
Comparing the results obtained for women with hyperglycemia (>5.5 mmol/L) to the results of subjects with normal glucose concentrations, we found a decrease in asprosin level in the blood after whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) only in the HG group, we did not note a significant relationship between the change in asprosin concentration after WBC and the baseline concentration of glucose in the blood
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of coexisting disorders that consist of elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and atherogenic disorders of blood lipid profile [1,2,3]. These disorders increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In older individuals (≥60 years), MetS was more common in women than in men [4,8]. In the Central European region, the incidence of MetS in women aged 60–74 was 46.3%, and was about 12% higher than in men of the same age [8]
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