Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or apolipoprotein B. Other features of FCH are obesity and insulin resistance. Adiponectin is a secretory product of the adipose tissue. Low levels of adiponectin are associated with insulin resistance and accelerated atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether decreased adiponectin levels are associated with FCH and its phenotypes. The study population comprised 644 subjects, including 158 patients with FCH. Serum adiponectin levels were determined using a commercially available ELISA. For both males and females, the mean adiponectin level (microg/ml) was significantly lower in FCH patients [2.0 (1.8-2.2) and 2.5 (2.3-2.8), respectively] compared with normolipidemic relatives [2.3 (2.2-2.5) and 3.1 (2.8-3.3), respectively] and spouses [2.4 (2.1-2.7) and 3.2 (2.8-3.6), respectively]. These differences remain significant after adjusting for waist circumference and insulin resistance. Low adiponectin level in FCH patients was a superior independent predictor of the atherogenic lipid profile, including high triglyceride levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the amount of small, dense LDL present, compared with both obesity and insulin resistance. Low adiponectin levels may contribute to the atherogenic lipid profile in FCH, independent of insulin resistance and obesity, as measured by waist circumference. This finding implies a role of adipose tissue metabolism in the pathophysiology of FCH.
Highlights
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or apolipoprotein B
We show that patients with FCH have low serum levels of adiponectin, even after adjusting for their van der Vleuten et al Decreased adiponectin levels in patients with FCH 2401
We show that the adiponectin level in patients with FCH is the strongest independent predictor of the atherogenic lipid profile, including high triglyceride level, low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and the presence of sdLDL
Summary
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or apolipoprotein B. Serum adiponectin levels were determined using a commercially available ELISA For both males and females, the mean adiponectin level (g/ml) was significantly lower in FCH patients [2.0 (1.8–2.2) and 2.5 (2.3–2.8), respectively] compared with normolipidemic relatives [2.3 (2.2–2.5) and 3.1 (2.8–3.3), respectively] and spouses [2.4 (2.1–2.7) and 3.2 (2.8–3.6), respectively]. Low adiponectin level in FCH patients was a superior independent predictor of the atherogenic lipid profile, including high triglyceride levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the amount of small, dense LDL present, compared with both obesity and insulin resistance. Low adiponectin levels may contribute to the atherogenic lipid profile in FCH, independent of insulin resistance and obesity, as measured by waist circumference. This finding implies a role of adipose tissue metabolism in the pathophysiology of FCH.—van der Vleuten, G. The adipose tissue was seen as an energy depot, storing energy in the form of triglycerides and not hav-
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