Abstract
The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains uncertain and thus dedicated studies are still of much importance. Patients in this group are at high risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Our goal was to use a dietary intervention, facilitating the regression of the disease, through the observation of lipid and hormonal profiles, carbohydrate metabolic parameters and metabolomics of plasma fatty acids. There were 39 Caucasian women with PCOS aged 26.76 ±5.08 that qualified for this study. Fatty acid profiles were investigated using gas chromatography. The results of plasma fatty acids were compared with the initial results and the control group. A three-month caloric reduction diet with low glycemic index (GI) reduces the level of nervonic acid and is a great alternative in PCOS therapy. The introduction of rapeseed oil and olive oil to the lowered GI reduction diet caused the increase in the ratio of average length chain fatty acids (C10:0, C14:0) and the enhancement of synthesis pathways for pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n-6), but did not inhibit the synthesis of the derivatives of arachidic acid (C20:0). Additionally, a decrease in the level of nervonic acid (C24:1) was observed. Biochemical analysis of blood showed the improvement of plasma lipid fractions, but a significant reduction of androgen levels was not observed.A reduction diet with lowered GI lead to many positive effects in the improvement of the biochemical parameters of women with PCOS. It should be continued for a prolonged period of time, until the synthesis pathways for inflammatory factors are silenced.
Highlights
IntroductionIn an analysis of available literature devoted to optimal therapeutic diet strategies for women with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), we noted that the best results were obtained by Marsh et al using a reduction diet with low glycemic index (GI) (glycaemic index) and increased physical activity [1,2]
In an analysis of available literature devoted to optimal therapeutic diet strategies for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we noted that the best results were obtained by Marsh et al using a reduction diet with low glycemic index (GI) and increased physical activity [1,2]
The introduction of rapeseed oil and olive oil to the lowered GI reduction diet caused the increase in the ratio of average length chain fatty acids (C10:0, C14:0) and the enhancement of synthesis pathways for pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n-6), but did not inhibit the synthesis of the derivatives of arachidic acid (C20:0)
Summary
In an analysis of available literature devoted to optimal therapeutic diet strategies for women with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), we noted that the best results were obtained by Marsh et al using a reduction diet with low GI (glycaemic index) and increased physical activity [1,2]. Ketogenic diets are usually rich in animal fats, which are more susceptible to the activity of reactive oxygen species and do not deliver appropriate amounts of antioxidants This type of diet is not a good solution for women with PCOS, as ketosis increases inflammation [6]. This is why treatment strategies aim at reducing insulin resistance and decreasing metabolic consequences. A low dose of insulin sensitizers and antiandrogens can normalise the levels of fetuin-A in the serum [9], whereas it has been demonstrated that MyoInositol (MI) and D-Chiro-Inositol (DCI) are clinically effective in the treatment of PCOS by improving the ovulation, quality of oocytes and pregnancy index [10,11]
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