Decrease in the Incidence of Buerger's Disease Recurrence in Northern Thailand

Abstract

Buerger's disease is a peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), which occurs mainly in young male smokers. It is common in Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern European countries, but rare in North America and Western European countries. We investigated the changes in the prevalence and recurrence of Buerger's disease at a referral hospital in northern Thailand. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with Buerger's disease admitted to Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1988 and December 2002. Buerger's disease was diagnosed according to Shionoya's clinical criteria. We evaluated 78 patients with Buerger's disease, with a collective total of 108 admissions. Forty-one patients were admitted for initial treatment, and 37 patients had a history of treatment and were admitted for worsening of Buerger's disease. Between 1988 and 1995, 23 patients were admitted with newly diagnosed Buerger's disease, 52 were admitted because of Buerger's disease exacerbation, and 372 were admitted for a PAOD; whereas between 1996 and 2002, the respective numbers were 18, 15, and 632 (2.9 +/- 1.9/year vs 2.6 +/- 1.3/year, P = 0.25; 6.5 +/- 1.1/year vs 2.1 +/- 1.1/year, P = 0.001; 54.1 +/- 6.7/year vs 81.6 +/- 5.2/year, P < 0.0001). Of the 78 patients with Buerger's disease, 76 were men and 2 were women, with a mean age at onset of 34.1 +/- 5 years. The predominant symptom on admission was burning pain in the feet and hands in 75%, digital gangrene in 74%, and a digital ulcer in 43.5%. The incidence of recurrence of Buerger's disease seems to be decreasing in our institution, whereas the incidence of this disease and its recurrence both seem to be decreasing in Western countries and Japan.