Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continue to attract great interest from chemists, physicists, and materials scientists due to their facile preparation and outstanding properties. The solution-based methods used to prepare PSCs usually involve one-step (1-s) or two-step (2-s) deposition. Here, we investigate mixed halide perovskite films (MAPbI3–xBrx, where MA is CH3NH3) prepared using a new solution-based method that combines 1-s and 2-s deposition. This new combined method is denoted as 1 & 2-s deposition. Mixed halide films prepared using 1 & 2-s deposition are shown to have structures and optoelectronic properties that depend strongly on the order of addition of the reactants. The results suggest a tunable competition occurred between crystal growth and anion exchange. The XRD and XPS data show that the structures and compositions of MAPbI3–xBrx prepared using 1-s and 2-s deposition can be decoupled. The composition of MAPbI3–xBrx can be either stoichiometrically controlled or diffusion-controlled depend...
Highlights
In a relatively short time period, hybrid organic−inorganic perovskites solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkably high conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 22.1%1 for single-junction devices and values greater than 25% for tandem devices.[2]
Addition. (Recall that the code used to identify the mixed halide films shows the nominal sequence of perovskite formation if anion exchange did not occur.) MAPI is used as a control
We examine the questions depicted in Scheme 1B,C concerning whether crystal growth or growth with anion exchange dominated the formation of MAPI-MAPI(B) and MAPI(B)-MAPI
Summary
In a relatively short time period, hybrid organic−inorganic perovskites solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkably high conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with certified PCEs as high as 22.1%1 for single-junction devices and values greater than 25% for tandem devices.[2]. Higher magnification SEM images were measured which show that nanometer-sized crystals for the precursor films prepared using PbI2 (Figure 1C,E,G).
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