Decontamination of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on green onions using a new formula of sanitizer washing and pulsed UV light (PL)

Abstract

Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Shigella flexneri have been linked to green onion contamination. This study was conducted to evaluate decontamination of Salmonella Typhimurium using a new formula of sanitizer washing (0.4mg/mL thymol and five new formula sanitizers including 300ppm H2O2+4% SDS, 2mg/mL citric acid+4% SDS, 0.2mg/mL thymol+4% SDS, 0.2mg/mL thymol+2mg/mL citric acid and 0.2mg/mL thymol+2mg/mL acetic acid), pulsed UV light (PL) as well as synergy between the sanitizer wash and PL. New formula sanitizers based on decontamination efficacy of single washing solutions (organic acids, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), essential oil or surfactant) were applied to decontaminate spot inoculated green onions. PL, the novel technique, alone has been applied to inactivate Salmonella on both dip and spot inoculated green onions. Salmonella inactivation of PL–new formula sanitizer combinations on dip inoculated green onions was investigated for their potential synergy. As a result, for spot inoculated green onions, 0.4mg/mL thymol individually and the five new formula sanitizers all achieved higher log reduction of Salmonella (4.5–5.3log10CFU/g reduction) than the 200ppm chlorine washing. These new formulas of sanitizer would be potential alternatives to chlorine. The 5s dry PL (4.6log10CFU/g) or 60s wet PL treatment (3.6log10CFU/g) was better or comparable as chlorine washing. The sanitizer combinations did not provide significantly higher log reduction than PL, and PL has the potential of being used in the green onion industry for decontamination purpose. For dip inoculated green onions, none of our treatment provided >0.8log10CFU/g (0.6–0.8log10CFU/g) reduction of Salmonella. As a result, the PL–new formula sanitizer combinations had no or minimal synergy to inactivate Salmonella dip inoculated on green onions.