Abstract
Cotton fiber–graphene oxide (C–GO) composite with high adsorptive properties towards the cationic dye, crystal violet (CV), was successfully fabricated by simple mixing of cotton fiber and GO in aqueous solution using a homogenizer. The as-prepared composite was characterized using TEM, SEM, LOM, XRD, FTIR, Raman and TGA. The characterization indicated that the formation of a homogeneous composite occurred via adequate mixing of the cotton fiber and GO. The fine structure of the obtained composite was successfully used in two adsorption techniques, namely batch adsorption and filter adsorption. Various parameters affecting batch adsorption, such as contact time, dye concentration, composite dose, NaCl dose, temperature and pH were investigated. In the filter adsorption mode, dye concentration, composite dose, NaCl dose, temperature, flow rate and pH were studied. A comparison study between the two techniques, i.e., batch adsorption and filter adsorption, are reported. The filter adsorption technique shows higher adsorption efficiency than the batch one, which was evident from the maximum adsorption capacity (Q°) values, obtained from the Langmuir isotherm. Further, the filter technique was developed and evaluated. This was achieved by regeneration, scaling-up and, finally, using another model of cationic dye (methylene blue).
Highlights
Discharge of dye containing effluents to the environment is harmful to various kinds of living organisms
Most of the active groups on the both sides of the layer will be hindered from the adsorbed species, and it will take a time for them to be available for the adsorption process
The results indicated that the adsorption of crystal violet (CV)-dye for both batch and lter was highly depended on the initial pH of aqueous solution,[43] where at pH 1⁄4 2.50, the % R 1⁄4 62.16 and 61.80, and at pH 1⁄4 9.50, % R 1⁄4 92.16 and 99.55
Summary
Discharge of dye containing effluents to the environment is harmful to various kinds of living organisms. Numerous techniques have been investigated for creating hybridization between GO and the cotton ber, such as dipping and drying,[8,9] layer by layer coating,[10] dipping,[11] and brush-coating and drying.[12] these methods are time consuming, and they require a multi-step preparation They produce GO-layers which coat the ber surface, and GO-monolayers cannot penetrate the ber. The main problem with using GO is the placement of its monolayers, which are compacted upon drying In this state, most of the active groups on the both sides of the layer will be hindered from the adsorbed species, and it will take a time for them to be available for the adsorption process. A comparison between the two techniques was performed and discussed
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