Abstract
Crop biomass plays an important role, especially in tropical and subtropical crops that adopt the no-tillage system, whose decomposition is related to material composition and environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the decomposition of straw remaining from autumn/winter crops in the development of soybean in succession in the Midwest region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (spontaneous, black oat, brachiaria, corn, wheat, oilseed radish, corn + brachiaria, and black oat + oilseed radish) and four replications. After autumn/winter cultivation, biomass samples were dried and placed in nylon bags, returning to the original plot during soybean sowing. The decomposition bags were collected in seven periods over 120 days, coinciding with the soybean cycle. The decomposition rate was analyzed by regression. The regression equations and the amount of biomass remaining from the autumn/winter seasons were determinate the half-file and the remaining mass on the soil surface at sowing and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. Biomass production and decomposition rate varied with the season, depending on environmental conditions. Wheat had the lowest decomposition rate with a half-life greater than 100 days. Intercropping crops reduce the decomposition rate.
Highlights
The organic matter in the soil in agricultural systems comes from plant residues, with variable quality and composition depending on the species and cultivation characteristics, generating physical, chemical, and biological benefits for the productive environment (Cunha et al, 2015; Ramos et al, 2018; Bonetti e Fink, 2020)
The supply of nutrients from the remaining biomass may be greater than the crop cycle in succession, with different decomposition rates and half-life of the remaining straw according to the species (Cavalli et al, 2018; Comin et al, 2018; Ramos et al, 2018)
The decomposition of the remaining biomass of agricultural species is influenced by environmental conditions, being different among crops
Summary
The organic matter in the soil in agricultural systems comes from plant residues, with variable quality and composition depending on the species and cultivation characteristics, generating physical, chemical, and biological benefits for the productive environment (Cunha et al, 2015; Ramos et al, 2018; Bonetti e Fink, 2020). The remaining biomass may present different decomposition rates depending on the intrinsic characteristics of the material and the environment. In this sense, the study aimed to analyze the decomposition rate of biomass formed in autumn/winter crops during soybean cultivation (crop 2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in succession in the Midwest region of Paraná, Brazil
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