Abstract
Our study improves the decomposition method based on the input–output approach to analyze CO2 emissions embodied in the international trade of Russia over the period from 1995 to 2014. The research finds out that carbon was transferred from the upstream resource sectors to the downstream manufacturing sectors and service sectors in Russia. Moreover, Russia was a net exporter of CO2 emissions. 31.46% of Russia’s CO2 emissions were generated for other countries’ consumption in 1999 while 10.68% in 2013. Basic resource and energy sectors were the significant emitters of exporting CO2 emissions. Sectors from traditional manufacturing industries and modern technical industries played an important role in importing embodied CO2 emissions of Russia. Moreover, the effect of modern technical industries on importing embodied CO2 emissions was increasing. The period after 2003 witnessed a substantial decline in Russia’s carbon intensities, which was majorly due to the transformation of the energy structure. Decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions embodied in the international trade can show the trading effect on embodied CO2 emissions from both exporting and importing perspectives. Russia’s case is able to provide instructive implications to the global climate mitigation policy. Countries that burden CO2 emissions for other countries’ consumption are encouraged to participate in the climate negotiation effectively and internalize environmental costs by products’ and services’ pricing in the international trade.
Highlights
With rising global attention to the climate change, CO2 emissions responsibility of countries has been discussed hotly
In the context of trade globalization, this paper examines whether Russia has benefited or suffered from the international trade concerning for CO2 emissions
The results indicated that Russia provided substantial resources to the global market by exporting trade, which caused a large amount of CO2 emissions [17,34]
Summary
With rising global attention to the climate change, CO2 emissions responsibility of countries has been discussed hotly. As a vital energy producer in the world, ranks as the fourth greatest emitter of CO2 emissions. According to the statistics of BP (British Petroleum) [1], Russia remained the second largest gas and the third greatest oil producer of the world in 2018, accounting for 17% and 12% of the global output, respectively. As one of the leading energy producers and exporters in the world, Russia faces an upward pressure on CO2 emissions. If a county is a significant exporter of many products, it might take CO2 emissions responsibility for other countries [2,3]. Russia bears the burden of CO2 emissions for other countries’ consumption through exporting substantial energy [4,5]. In the context of trade globalization, this paper examines whether Russia has benefited or suffered from the international trade concerning for CO2 emissions
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