Abstract
Technology assumes a pivotal role in both water conservation and pollution reduction. This study deconstructs technology into three categories: source water-saving technology (SST), process control technology (PCT), and end-of-pipe removal technology (ERT). Employing the extended IPAT and decomposition approach, it assesses the diverse impacts of these technologies on wastewater discharge in China. The findings reveal a notable decrease in industrial water consumption and wastewater discharge, yet a significant increase in the domestic sector. This increase is largely attributed to socio-economic factors. Nevertheless, the effects of SST, PCT, and ERT on wastewater discharge vary across sectors, pollutants, and regions. SST and ERT play a crucial role in diminishing industrial wastewater discharge, whereas PCT leads to an increase in approximately half of the regions. Moreover, SST and PCT tend to escalate domestic wastewater discharge in most regions, while ERT exerts a mitigating influence across the majority of regions.
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