Abstract
Marasmius cladophyllus was examined for its ability to degradatively decolourise the recalcitrant dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and screened for the production of ligninolytic enzymes using specific substrates. Monitoring dye decolourisation by the decrease in absorbance ratio of A592/A500 shows that the decolourisation of RBBR dye was associated with the dye degradation. Marasmius cladophyllus produces laccase and lignin peroxidase in glucose minimal liquid medium containing RBBR. Both enzyme activities were increased, with laccase activity recorded 70 times higher reaching up to 390 U L−1 on day 12. Further in vitro RBBR dye decolourisation using the culture medium shows that laccase activity was correlated with the dye decolourisation. Fresh RBBR dye continuously supplemented into the decolourised culture medium was further decolourised much faster in the subsequent round of the RBBR dye decolourisation. In vitro dye decolourisation using the crude laccase not only decolourised 76% of RBBR dye in just 19 hours but also decolourised 54% of Orange G and 33% of Congo red at the same period of time without the use of any exogenous mediator. This rapid dye decolourisation ability of the enzymes produced by M. cladophyllus thus suggested its possible application in the bioremediation of dye containing wastewater.
Highlights
Synthetic dyes are widely used throughout the world for various purposes for textile dyeing
We investigated the production of ligninolytic enzymes by an endophyte M. cladophyllus during Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye decolourisation and the possibility of these ligninolytic enzymes being differentially expressed during the decolourisation process
The fungal isolate MS8 was able to decolourise RBBR dye in the glucose minimal (GM) liquid medium (Figure 1) as can be seen with the disappearance of the blue coloured dye in flask treated with the fungus (Figure 1(b))
Summary
Synthetic dyes are widely used throughout the world for various purposes for textile dyeing. More than 80,000 tons of reactive dyes are produced and consumed for textile dyeing. Given their beneficial characteristic of bright colour, water-fast, and simple application techniques with low energy consumption, reactive dyes have been used extensively to dye more than half of the global production of cotton [1]. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye, known as Reactive Blue 19, is a typical reactive dye used in the textile industry for dyeing cellulosic fibers. It is an anthraquinonebased vinylsulphone dye frequently used as the starting material in the production of polymeric dyes. Dye containing wastewater must be treated before their discharge into the environment
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