Abstract
Industrial wastewater including dye waste disposal, has been released in a massive amount and is difficult to degrade, especially synthetic dyes. In this study, 10 different types of fungi were isolated from a decayed wood in UTM forest and were labelled as S1-S10. Two dyes were chosen for this study, which were Procion Red MX-5B (PRMX5B) and Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV5R). These fungi were screened for their ability to decolor both dyes and further tested for their ability to decolor the dyes in liquid medium under several parameters; carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH value, temperature, and agitation. S1 decolorized PRMX5B efficiently with the addition of glucose (45%), ammonium nitrate (61%), pH 3 (69%), temperature 37°C (49%), and agitation 100 rpm (69%), whereas S2 decolorized efficiently with the addition of glucose (60%), ammonium nitrate (49%), pH 3 (70%), temperature 37°C (46%), and agitation 100 rpm (74%). S1 demonstrated efficient decolorization of RBV5R with the addition of glucose (80%), ammonium nitrate (62%), pH 3, temperature 37°C (75%), and agitation 100 rpm (90%), whereas S2 demonstrated efficient decolorization with the addition of glucose (52%), ammonium nitrate (67%), pH 3, temperature 37°C (75%), and agitation 100 rpm (71%).The percentage of decolorization of dyes was measured by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. These fungi were then identified using the 18sr RNA method. Based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and a polygenetic tree, fungi S1 belong to Trichoderma koningiopsis and fungi S2 belong to Trichoderma atroviride.
Highlights
Dye is a natural or synthetic substance used to change or add any colour to something
The objectives of this study are to screen, isolate, and identify fungi screened from nature that have the ability to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV5R) and Procion Red MX-5B (PRMX5B), and to investigate the effect of different parameters on the decolorization process
3.2.Batch studies Figure 3A and 3B show Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma atroviride have the highest percentage of PRMX5B decolorization, which are 45% and 60% with glucose as a carbon source after 12 days of incubation
Summary
Dye is a natural or synthetic substance used to change or add any colour to something. This is because it is commonly applied to treat industrial waste due to its ability to accumulate and degrade different pollutants [3,4]. The most recognisable contaminant in a waste stream, except all the rubbish is colour This is due to the fact that even with a low concentration of synthetic dyes in water (1 ppm), they are highly visible and have an impact on the environment.It prevents the aesthetic quality of surface water from being affected and affects the aquatic ecosystem because light penetration is reduced. The objectives of this study are to screen, isolate, and identify fungi screened from nature that have the ability to decolorize RBV5R and PRMX5B, and to investigate the effect of different parameters on the decolorization process
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