Decoding the role of bismuth oxide in advancing structural, thermal, and nuclear properties of [B2O3–Li2O–SiO2]-Nb2O5 glass systems

Abstract

This paper investigates the pivotal role of bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) in the enhancement of nuclear safety, structural, and thermal properties of glasses, specifically in the BNLS system. BNLS system has the formula [B2O3–Li2O–SiO2]-Nb2O5(20-x)–(Bi2O3)x (where x = 0.0,5.0,10.0,15.0 and 20.0 mol%). Through a comparative study, the potential advantages, and limitations of integrating Bi₂O₃ in place of traditional elements are highlighted, emphasizing its importance in the field of advanced glass materials. FTIR analysis showed the presence of Bi–O vibrations of the tetrahedral [BO4] groups and the Bi–O–Bi linkages. DSC testified the glass formation with increasing thermal stability of the formed glass with the inclusion of Bi2O3 into the glass system. Through the quantification of the Gamma Linear Attenuation Coefficient (GLAC) and Gamma Mass Attenuation Coefficient (GMAC), the work identifies the attenuation behavior against varying photon energies. Notably, a concentration-dependent rise in attenuation characteristics is observed, with BNLS20 exhibiting the most potent radiation shielding. Glass Half-Value Layer (GHVL) parameters and Mass Gamma Photon Penetration (GMFP) were measured, reinforcing that glasses with higher Bi2O3 concentrations and lower GHVL are better attenuators. The transmission factor (ln(I/Io)) was also studied, confirming that BNLS20 possesses the most effective radiation shielding capabilities. This research establishes that adding Bi₂O₃ to the [B2O3–Li2O–SiO2]-Nb2O5 glass system markedly improves its thermal stability and radiation shielding capabilities. BNLS20, in particular, emerges as a standout for radiation protection, surpassing both other BNLS variants and conventional shielding materials, thereby positioning it as an exceptional choice for advanced nuclear safety applications.