Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) indices correlate with aging and are related to the autonomic nervous system. However, the trend of HRV with age has not been explored for the Asian population. Therefore, we proposed a linear regression model of HRV indices that decreased with aging in healthy Asian adults. HRV parameters [High frequency (HF), Low frequency (LF), Very low frequency (VLF), Total power (TP), HRV triangular index (HRV-index), Standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN), and Proportion of normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms (pNN50)] were measured in a total of 300 healthy participants (150 men and 150 women) aged 19–69 years stratified into five age groups: 19–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years comprising 60 people each in Seoul, South Korea. A simple regression analysis was performed to reveal the linear declining trend of HRV indices with age. Independent t-tests were conducted to investigate the gender differences in HRV values depending on each age group. The values of all HRV indices showed a decreasing trend with age in healthy Korean adults, as observed in the Western population (P < 0.001 for all indices); HF (Y = −0.039x + 6.833, R2 = 0.287), LF (Y = −0.047x + 7.197, R2 = 0.414), VLF (Y = −0.025x + 6.861, R2 = 0.177), TP (Y = −0.034x + 8.082, R2 = 0.352), HRV-index (Y = −0.125x + 15.628, R2 = 0.298), SDNN (Y = −0.502x + 53.907, R2 = 0.343), and pNN50 (Y = −0.650x + 53.852, R2 = 0.345) all decreased with age. There was no significant gender difference in any HRV parameter. A linear regression model of various HRV indices has been presented considering the age of healthy Asians, which may be useful to prevent diseases related to the autonomic nervous system by estimating or tracking autonomic functional degeneration in the Asian population.
Highlights
The aging of the population is rapidly progressing in many countries worldwide and is becoming a significant challenge to public health care (Lunenfeld and Stratton, 2013)
The authors of this study have shown that the Heart rate variability (HRV) indices, which were measured with the same instruments and protocols as those in this study, significantly increased after therapy in forest, resulting in a positive effect (Yi et al, 2019)
We have presented a linear regression model of various HRV indices with the age of healthy Asians and provided reference ranges for Asian women and men depending on the age groups
Summary
The aging of the population is rapidly progressing in many countries worldwide and is becoming a significant challenge to public health care (Lunenfeld and Stratton, 2013). The recommended measurement length for HRV is 24 h for long-term monitoring and 5 min for short-term monitoring (Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology, and The North American Electrophysiology Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1996). Short-term monitoring provides a test result almost immediately It is suitable for outpatient monitoring and for situations wherein results are urgently needed (Baek et al, 2015). The use of ultra-short HRV analysis based on recordings shorter than 5 min has been studied to increase the applicability of HRV analysis according to the development of wearable devices for monitoring public health (Baek et al, 2015; Pecchia et al, 2018; Landreani et al, 2019)
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