Decline in seagrass carbon uptake on Bonebatang Island, Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia during the period of 2001-2017

Abstract

The activities of coastal and small islands communities can have an impact on the condition of the adjacent aquatic ecosystems. The magnitude of the impact depends on the type and intensity of the activities carried out. One ecosystem that is prone to be affected is the seagrass ecosystem due to its presence in shallow waters and proximity to the coast. The study was conducted to examine changes in seagrass carbon uptake on Bonebatang Island over a period of 16 years from 2001 to 2017. Estimation of carbon uptake of seven species of seagrasses, i.e., Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis. Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, and Syringodium isoetifolium were carried out using the oxygen change method that utilized clear bottles. The percentage of seagrass coverage was calculated using a 50cm x 50cm plot. The average composition of seagrass species from all plots and the capability of each seagrass species to uptake carbon was used as a basis to estimate the capability of seagrass to uptake the carbon per unit area. Changes in carbon uptake were determined using an approach that estimates changes in the seagrass bed areas. Landsat image analysis was used to estimate the area of seagrass in 2001, 2009, and 2017. The results showed that the area of seagrass beds in the period of 2001-2017 decreased by 8.62 ha, from 37.08 ha in 2001 to 28.46 ha in 2017 or decreased by approximately 1.54% per year. As a result of this diminishing in the area, carbon uptake by seagrasses was estimated to decrease by 19.67 MgCO2 per year from 79.62 MgCO2 per year in 2001 to 59.95 MgCO2 per year in 2017. The average decrease in a year reached 1.23 MgCO2.