Abstract
A long-existing system of wolves ( Canis lupus ), muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus ), and arctic hares ( Lepus arcticus ) in a 2600 km2 area of Canada’s High Arctic (80° N latitude) began collapsing in 1997 because of unusual adverse summer weather but recovered to a level at which all three species were reproducing by 2004. Recovery of wolf presence and reproduction appeared to be more dependent on muskox increase than on hare increase.
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