Abstract
Grey partridge populations showed drastic decreasing numbers throughout Europe. Existing knowledge of the causes of decline and the effectiveness of conservation measures was reviewed. Population studies from the UK indicated three periods: a stable population before 1950, sharply decreasing numbers in 1950–1970 and a continued decline after 1970. Other European studies fitted into this picture, with a 10-year lag in each period. The onset of population decrease corresponded with a sharp decrease in chick survival mainly caused by reduced insect availability due to pesticide use. Several factors caused the continued decreasing numbers after 1970, such as decreased hatching success and an increased role of predation. Measures to restore partridge numbers should firstly focus on the main cause of population decline, that is, improve foraging conditions to increase chick survival rate. Next to creation of special partridge habitat, conventional agriculture offers good opportunities to improve foraging conditions. Only when an integrative approach is adopted may large-scale habitat improvements be realised to restore population level to the level before 1950.
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