Decisional Balance Inventory (DBI) Adolescent Form for Smoking: Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version

Koen Ponnet,Rashin Alizadeh,Tahereh Pashaei,Fatemeh Jafari,Maryam Khazaee-Pool

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4425-2

Abstract

BackgroundOne effective model for studying cigarette smoking cessation is the transtheoretical model (TTM). In order to assess to what degree interventions can make variations in individuals’ behavior, several questionnaires have been developed based on the TTM. This study aims to describe the development of the Persian version of the Decisional Balance Inventory (DBI) for smoking cessation in Iran and to evaluate its psychometric properties.Design and methodsThe forward-backward technique was used to translate the DBI from English into Persian. After linguistic validation and a pilot test among 30 male smoking young adults, a cross-sectional study was performed, and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the DBI were assessed. Using a convenience sampling method, 120 male smokers between 16 and 24 years of age were recruited from three factories in Nowshahr, Iran. In order to assess the reliability of the DBI, internal consistency and test–retest methods were performed. Additionally, face and content validity were assessed, and the construct validity of the DBI was calculated by performing both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS.ResultsThe mean age of the sample (n = 120) was 20.19 (SD = 2.13) years. The mean scores for the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were .94 and .89, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed a three-factor solution for the DBI that accounted for 55.4% of observed variance. The results achieved from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) displayed that the data fit the model: the relative chi-square (×2/df) = 1.733 (p < .001) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .07 (90% CI = .05–.105). All comparative indices of the model including GFI, AGFI, CFI, NNFI, and NFI were more than .80 (.87, .83, .91, .89, and .81, respectively). The Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .78 to .83, indicating an acceptable reliability. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from .72 to .89, confirming a satisfactory result.ConclusionsThe results from the present study indicate that the Persian version of the DBI has good psychometric properties and is suitable to measure smoking behaviors among Iranian adolescent and young adult smokers. Consequently, the instrument could be used in planning cigarette smoking cessation interventions among Iranian adolescents and young adults.

Highlights

One effective model for studying cigarette smoking cessation is the transtheoretical model (TTM)
The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed a three-factor solution for the Decisional Balance Inventory (DBI) that accounted for 55.4% of observed variance
The results achieved from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) displayed that the data fit the model: the relative chi-square (×2/df) = 1.733 (p < .001) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =

Summary

Introduction

One effective model for studying cigarette smoking cessation is the transtheoretical model (TTM). Based on a report of the World Health Organization (WHO), 22% of the world’s population aged 15 years and above are smokers, and almost 6 million people die from exposure to tobacco smoke or from tobacco use [2]. It was reported that the mean number of cigarettes smoked every day by Iranian smokers was 13.7 sticks [1]. It is recognized that quitting cigarette smoking results in several health benefits, such as reduced mortality risk due to cardiovascular diseases [3, 4]. There are some social benefits of smoking that prevent smokers from quitting, like enhanced feelings of relaxation and a sense of control [5,6,7]. Persons who smoke for a long time are commonly not influenced by the long-term benefits of quitting cigarette smoking, especially when the diseases that are associated with smoking have not developed obviously [8,9,10]

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