Abstract
Development of electromobility in urban areas requires an appropriate level of vehicle charging infrastructure. Numerous methods for siting of charging stations have been developed to date, and they appear to be delivering diverse outcomes for the same area, which is why local authorities face the problem of choosing the right station layout. The solution proposed in this article is to use a travel planner to evaluate the distribution of charging stations over the area of a metropolis. The decision making support is achieved by determining optimal travel routes for electric vehicles according to their initial state of charge for the three selected station siting methods. The evaluation focused on the following three aspects: (1) number of travels that cannot be made (due to the lack of a charging station at a certain distance around the start point), (2) extension of the travel caused by the need to recharge the vehicle on-route, and (3) additional energy consumption by electric vehicles required to reach the charging station (necessity of departing from the optimal route). An analysis of the results has made it possible to determine a solution which is superior to others. For the case study analysed in the paper, i.e., the territory of the Metropolis of Upper Silesia and Dabrową Basin (Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia, GZM), the distribution of charging stations established in line with method I has returned the best results. What the method in question also makes possible is to indicate a safe minimum energy reserve to complete the travel by eliminating situations of unexpected vehicle immobilisation due to on-route energy depletion and by minimising the phenomenon referred to as range anxiety.
Highlights
Transport leaves a significant mark on the natural environment
For the case study analysed in the paper, i.e., the territory of the Metropolis of Upper Silesia and Dabrowa Basin (Górnoślasko-Zagłebiowska Metropolia, GZM), the distribution of charging stations established in line with method I has returned the best results
Number of travels that cannot be made—this translates into limitation of mobility with regard to electric vehicles
Summary
Transport leaves a significant mark on the natural environment. The negative impact of transport takes diverse forms, primarily including the emission of harmful substances, noise, and the resulting traffic obstructions caused by congestion. Research explicitly shows that the world is largely dependent on petroleum (in terms of mobility and transport) [1,2]. The right to mobility is considered as an important value, and in accordance with the relevant guidelines, minimisation of negative environmental impact of transport cannot be pursued through mobility limiting, but rather through efficient utilisation of natural resources [3]. It is possible to accelerate the desired changes in the share of alternative fuels in transport through infrastructure development, implementation of shared technical specifications, as well as changes in the image of the related technologies (consumer acceptance)
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