Abstract
Amongst the various gynecological malignancies affecting female health globally, ovarian cancer is one of the predominant and lethal among all. The identification and functional characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are made possible with the advent of RNA-seq and the advancement of computational logarithm in understanding human disease biology. LncRNAs can interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins and their combinations. Moreover, lncRNAs regulate orchestra of diverse functions including chromatin organization and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. LncRNAs have conferred their critical role in key biological processes in human cancer including tumor initiation, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. The interwoven function of tumor-suppressor protein p53-linked lncRNAs in the ovarian cancer paradigm is of paramount importance. Several lncRNAs operate as p53 regulators or effectors and modulates a diverse array of functions either by participating in various signaling cascades or via interaction with different proteins. This review highlights the recent progress made in the identification of p53 associated lncRNAs while elucidating their molecular mechanisms behind the altered expression in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, the development of novel clinical and therapeutic strategies for targeting lncRNAs in human cancers harbors great promise.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most prevalent and fatal gynecological malignancy affecting a multitude of females worldwide
The specificity of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) (lncRNAs) for binding to the particular gene locus is very crucial in the regulatory process, and various molecular mechanism has evolved to associate the chromatin at a definite locus (A) by directly interacting with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) forming R-loops, RNA-DNA hybrid (B) Indirect association of DNA via a DRBP, DNA- and RNA-binding protein (C) by binding to pre-mRNA and (D)
A recent finding on the functional aspect of lncRNAs indicates that the deregulated expression of lncRNAs is associated with tumorigenesis in multiple tumor types
Summary
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most prevalent and fatal gynecological malignancy affecting a multitude of females worldwide. A large number of studies have shown that 90% of malignant OCs are epithelial in origin. Is of two types mucinous and non-mucinous It is further classified based on histopathology, molecular genetic analysis, and immunohistochemistry into serous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma account for 70%, 10%, and 10%, respectively [6]. The current modalities available for the detection of ovarian cancer, at early-stages, are pelvic examination and transvaginal sonography (TVS). There are two noninvasive tests that are available in the clinics for detecting OCs are cancer antigen-125(CA125) and human epididymis secretory protein E4(HE-4). These are U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biomarkers for early diagnosis of OC. Assembled panels of biomarkers are available called ‘composite biomarkers’ which are not yet widely available [8]
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