Deciphering the gene expression profile of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway in the left atria of patients with mitral regurgitation.

Mien-Cheng Chen,Kuo-Li Pan,Jen-Ping Chang,Chih-Yuan Fang,Tzu-Hao Chang,Wen-Hao Liu,Wan-Chun Ho,Chien-Jen Chen,Yao-Kuang Huang,Yu-Sheng Lin

doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0871-3

Abstract

BackgroundDifferentially expressed genes in the left atria of mitral regurgitation (MR) pigs have been linked to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the KEGG pathway. However, specific genes of the PPAR signaling pathway in the left atria of MR patients have never been explored.MethodsThis study enrolled 15 MR patients with heart failure, 7 patients with aortic valve disease and heart failure, and 6 normal controls. We used PCR assay (84 genes) for PPAR pathway and quantitative RT-PCR to study specific genes of the PPAR pathway in the left atria.ResultsGene expression profiling analysis through PCR assay identified 23 genes to be differentially expressed in the left atria of MR patients compared to normal controls. The expressions of APOA1, ACADM, FABP3, ETFDH, ECH1, CPT1B, CPT2, SLC27A6, ACAA2, SMARCD3, SORBS1, EHHADH, SLC27A1, PPARGC1B, PPARA and CPT1A were significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of PLTP was significantly down-regulated in the MR patients compared to normal controls. The expressions of HMGCS2, ACADM, FABP3, MLYCD, ECH1, ACAA2, EHHADH, CPT1A and PLTP were significantly up-regulated in the MR patients compared to patients with aortic valve disease. Notably, only ACADM, FABP3, ECH1, ACAA2, EHHADH, CPT1A and PLTP of the PPAR pathway were significantly differentially expressed in the MR patients compared to patients with aortic valve disease and normal controls.ConclusionsDifferentially expressed genes of the PPAR pathway have been identified in the left atria of MR patients compared with patients with aortic valve disease and normal controls.

Highlights

Expressed genes in the left atria of mitral regurgitation (MR) pigs have been linked to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the KEGG pathway
Gene expression profiling analysis of the PPAR signaling pathway through PCR assay in the left atrium of MR patients with heart failure vs. normal controls To determine the effect of MR and heart failure on the gene expression of PPAR signaling pathway, we compared the expression profile by PCR assay in the left atria of MR patients with heart failure (n = 5) to normal controls (n = 3; 76-year-old Caucasian female, 24-yearold Caucasian male and 27-year-old Caucasian male, purchased from BioChain, Newark, CA, USA)
Expressed genes were filtered using criteria of a fold-change in expression level more than 2 or less than 0.5 and P value

Summary

Introduction

Expressed genes in the left atria of mitral regurgitation (MR) pigs have been linked to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the KEGG pathway. Structural remodeling associated with atrial enlargement developed in the left atrial myocardium of MR patients with heart failure [2,3,4]. Differential gene expression related to the left atrial structural remodeling of MR has been reported. We aim to explore the key element genes of the PPAR signaling pathway that were differentially expressed in the left atrial myocardium of MR patients vs normal controls.

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