Deciphering community assembly and succession in sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor: Differentiation between attached and suspended communities

Abstract

Elucidating community assembly and succession is crucial to understanding the ecosystem functioning. Herein, the ecological processes underpinning community assembly and succession were studied to uncover the respective ecological functions of attached biofilms and suspended biomass in a sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor. Compared with suspended biomass, attached biofilms presented higher relative abundances of Nitrospira (2.94 %) and Nitrosomonas (1.25 %), and contributed to 66.89 ± 11.37 % and 68.11 ± 12.72 % of nitrification and denitrification activities, respectively. The microbial source tracking result demonstrated that early formation of suspended biomass was dominated by the seeding effect of detached biofilms in the start-up period (days 0–30), while self-growth of previous suspended biomass was eventually outcompeted the seeding effect when the reactor stabilized (days 31–120). Null model and ecological network analysis further suggested distinctive ecological processes underpinning the differentiation between attached and suspended communities in the same reactor. Specifically, in the start-up period, positive interactions facilitated early formation of attached (73.84 %) and suspended communities (59.41 %), while homogenous selection (88.89 %) and homogenizing dispersal (65.71 %) governed assembly of attached and suspended communities, respectively. When the reactor stabilized, attached and suspended communities showed low composition turnover as reflected by dominant homogenizing dispersal, while they presented distinctive trends of interspecies interactions. This study sheds light on discrepant ecological processes governing community differentiation of attached biofilms and suspended biomass, which would provide ecological insights into the regulation of hybrid ecosystems.