Dechlorination and destruction of PCDD, PCDF and PCB on selected fly ash from municipal waste incineration

Abstract

The potential of fly ash to dechlorinate and destroy PCDD, PCDF and PCB was tested under oxygen deficient conditions in the laboratory. Specifically, two types of fly ash were compared, originating either from a fluidized bed incinerator using Ca(OH) 2 spray (FA1), or a stoker incinerator without Ca(OH) 2 impact (FA2). Results from the present study indicate that on FA2 type fly ash, the degradation processes of OCDD, OCDF and D 10CB occurred primarily via dechlorination/hydrogenation up to temperature settings of 340 °C. In contrast, FA1 type fly ash was found to effect both dechlorination and destruction of these compounds already at temperature settings of 260 °C. The dechlorination velocity of PCDD and PCDF did not differ significantly. However, the first dechlorination step of OCDF in the 1,9-position occurred faster compared to the first dechlorination step of OCDD. The isomer pattern resulting from the dechlorination processes was quite similar on both FA1 and FA2, indicating that differences in alkalinity or elemental composition of the two types of fly ashes do not have a significant influence on the position of dechlorination. PCDD and PCDF dechlorination of the 2,3,7,8-positions was not favoured over dechlorination of the 1,4,6,9-positions on either type of fly ash. In contrast, dechlorination of PCB occurred predominantly on the toxicological relevant 3- and 4-positions. The dechlorination/destruction processes were completed on both types of fly ash at 380 °C within one hour, which correlates well with results obtained from actual plant operation practices.