Abstract
The request for low-cost, efficient and reliable wastewater treatment systems is growing globally. Decentralized wastewater treatment (DWT) systems can be a smart alternative for communities. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the sanitation status inside the IDPs and refugee camps, evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of the residential complexes in Duhok governorate, suggest different decentralized/semi-centralized treatment methods, and suggest different scenarios to improve the sanitation in Duhok governorate. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test has been used as an indicator for the performance of the (WWTPs) in residential complexes. The COD results exceeded the allowable Iraqi standard (100 mg/L) except in Avro city and New Zakho projects. The highest productions of greywater and black wastewater from IDP camps were 999 and 683 m3/day respectively that was in Chamishko camp. Avro city and War city residential complexes were discharging the highest effluent 4500 and 2100 m3/day respectively. The study suggested constructing a Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) at Domiz 1 Refugee camp and Chameshko IDP camp.
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