Abstract
In order to build an active distribution system with multi virtual power plants (VPP), a decentralized two-stage stochastic dispatching model based on synchronous alternating direction multiplier method (SADMM) was proposed in this paper. Through the integration of distributed energy and large-scale electric vehicles (EV) in the distribution network by VPP group, coordinative complementarity, and global optimization were realized. On the premise of energy autonomy management of active distribution network (AND) and VPP, after ensuring the privacy of stakeholders, the power of tie-line was taken as decoupling variable based on SADMM. Furthermore, without the participation of central coordinators, the optimization models of VPPs and distribution networks were decoupled to achieve fully decentralized optimization. Aiming at minimizing their own operating costs, the VPPs aggregate distributed energy and large-scale EVs within their jurisdiction to interact with the upper distribution network. On the premise of keeping operation safe, the upper distribution network formulated the energy interaction plan with each VPP, and then, the global energy optimization management of the entire distribution system and the decentralized autonomy of each VPP were achieved. In order to improve the stochastic uncertainty of distributed renewable energy output, a two-stage stochastic optimization method including pre-scheduling stage and rescheduling stage was adopted. The pre-scheduling stage was used to arrange charging and discharging plans of EV agents and output plans of micro gas turbines. The rescheduling stage was used to adjust the spare resources of micro gas turbines to deal with the uncertainty of distributed wind and light. An example of active distribution system with multi-VPPs was constructed by using the improved IEEE 33-bus system, then the validity of the model was verified.
Highlights
In order to relieve the pressure of energy shortage and environmental deterioration, many countries have accelerated the development of distributed energy resources (DER) and electric vehicles (EV) and other active loads
This paper presents a decentralized two-stage stochastic dispatching method for active distribution system with multiple virtual power plants (VPP) based on the synchronous alternating direction multiplier method (SADMM) algorithm
The main bodies of VPPs interact with the upper distribution network by aggregating distributed energy and large-scale EVs within their jurisdiction
Summary
The clean transformation of energy brings great challenges to traditional power dispatching. Active distribution network (ADN) will be an important form of intelligent distribution network, which manages power flow through flexible network topology and can actively control and manage the local DER. Energies 2018, 11, 3208 distributed new energy have randomness and volatility, and the strong uncertainty of its output brings challenges to the economic operation of power grid. VPP does not change the way of interconnecting all kinds of distributed energy, but aggregates all kinds of distributed energy and EV groups through advanced coordinated control technology, intelligent measurement technology, and communication technology. Coordinated and optimized operation is achieved through coordinated control on the upper level, so as to promote rational and optimal allocation and utilization of resources [1]. This can effectively alleviate the adverse effects on the power grid caused by the disordered charging and discharging of EVs and the uncertainty of distributed renewable energy output
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