Abstract
Remote microgrids with battery energy storage systems (BESSs), diesel generators, and renewable energy sources (RESs) have recently received significant attention because of their improved power quality and remarkable capability of continuous power supply to loads. In this paper, a new proportional control method is proposed using frequency-bus-signaling to achieve real-time power balance continuously under an abnormal condition of short-term power shortage in a remote microgrid. Specifically, in the proposed method, the frequency generated by the grid-forming BESS is used as a global signal and, based on the signal, a diesel generator is then controlled indirectly. The frequency is controlled to be proportional to the AC voltage deviation of the grid-forming BESS to detect sudden power shortages and share active power with other generators. Unlike a conventional constant-voltage constant-frequency (CVCF) control method, the proposed method can be widely applied to optimise the use of distributed energy resources (DERs), while maintaining microgrid voltages within an allowable range, particularly when active power balance cannot be achieved only using CVCF control. For case studies, a comprehensive model of an isolated microgrid is developed using real data. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving primary active power control in the microgrid.
Highlights
The penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines (WTs) is steadily increasing due to enhanced price competitiveness and the requirement of sustainable energy mixes
This paper proposes a new decentralised scheme integrated with scheme enables the battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to control the microgrid frequency in response to the change in AC voltages, frequency-bus-signaling and droop control based on a single-master and multiple-slaves given that unexpected voltage changes at the grid-forming converter bus indicate the instantaneous configuration mainly to improve power sharing and real-time power balancing under the condition activewhere power imbalance in the microgrid proposedIn decentralised autonomous serious disturbances occur in an[39]
In the constant-voltage constant-frequency (CVCF)-only case, the diesel generator maintained its active power output as constants, because the microgrid frequency was maintained at fset and the diesel generator could not detect the power imbalance with only its local measurement, as shown in Figures 10, 12 and 13
Summary
The penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines (WTs) is steadily increasing due to enhanced price competitiveness and the requirement of sustainable energy mixes. A microgrid is an integrated platform that consists of power generation units, energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand response (DR) resources, whose operations are managed in a localised manner. The platform can be equipped with various functions for local power and energy management [3] under both grid-connected and islanded operating modes. Power demand and supply should be always balanced by itself using such distributed energy resources (DERs) in the system. Electric utilities have technical difficulties in connecting remote microgrids on small oceanic islands to a bulk power grid on the mainland.
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