Abstract

The Decentralisation Reform in 2000 was an almost revolutionary change for local autonomy in Japan. The relationship between the national government and the municipalities was in reality a “hierarchical dominant-subordinate” relationship. As part of the Decentralisation Reform in 2000, the assigned functions system was institutionally abolished, the relationship between the national government and the municipalities was positioned as “equal”, and the municipalities which were equal to “local public entities” were described as “local governments” by the national government. However, this conversion did not suddenly occur in 2000. We can say that this was a consequence of social changes since the 1960s and “the transformation of municipalities into governments”. This chapter understands what condition its present concept are the footsteps of municipalities, and another D, which is decentralisation. This chapter sees the process and challenges for local autonomy in local government in Japan.

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