Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a major concern in the United States and worldwide. Current non-surgical and surgical approaches alleviate pain but show little evidence of cartilage restoration. Cell-based treatments may hold promise for the regeneration of hyaline cartilage-like tissue at the site of injury or wear. Cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions have been shown to drive cell differentiation pathways. Biomaterials for clinically relevant applications can be generated from decellularized porcine auricular cartilage. This material may represent a suitable scaffold on which to seed and grow chondrocytes to create new cartilage. In this study, we used decellularization techniques to create an extracellular matrix scaffold that supports chondrocyte cell attachment and growth in tissue culture conditions. Results presented here evaluate the decellularization process histologically and molecularly. We identified new and novel biomarker profiles that may aid future cartilage decellularization efforts. Additionally, the resulting scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and proteomics. Cellular response to the decellularized scaffold was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR for gene expression analysis.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as a chronic, debilitating, and painful disease
Articular cartilage degeneration begins at the surface and leads to the onset of fibrillation, which disrupts the molecular framework of the extracellular matrix (ECM) [9,10]
Cell-based strategies provide an alternative to full knee replacement; the major limitation to current recellularization approaches through cell therapy is that the outcome is often the formation of fibrocartilage rather than the desired hyaline cartilage [14,15,16]
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as a chronic, debilitating, and painful disease. It is estimated to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide [1,2,3,4]. Articular cartilage degeneration begins at the surface and leads to the onset of fibrillation, which disrupts the molecular framework of the ECM [9,10]. These changes may be triggered by mechanical damage or wear and tear of the tissue [11]. Cell-based strategies provide an alternative to full knee replacement; the major limitation to current recellularization approaches through cell therapy is that the outcome is often the formation of fibrocartilage rather than the desired hyaline cartilage [14,15,16]. C28/I2 human chondrocytes, which were established by transfection of primary cultures of juvenile costal chondrocytes [22], were seeded onto the scaffold and the cellular response to the scaffold was evaluated
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