Abstract
Decellularization is a process that involves the removal of cellular material from the tissues and organs while maintaining the structural, functional, and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to carry out decellularization of rat adipose tissue, diaphragm, and heart by using two different methods in order to compare their efficiency and investigate proliferation profiles of rat adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) on these scaffolds. Tissues were treated with an optimized detergent-based decellularization (Method A) and a freeze-and-thaw-based decellularization (Method B). AdMSCs were then seeded on scaffolds having a density of 2 × 105 cells/scaffold and AO/PI double-staining and MTT assays were performed in order to determine cell viability. In this study, which is the first research comparing two methods of decellularization of an adipose tissue, diaphragm, and heart scaffolds with AdMSCs, Method A provided efficient decellularization in these three tissues and it was shown that these porous scaffolds were cyto-compatible for the cells. Method B caused severe tissue damage in diaphragm and insufficient decellularization in heart whereas it also resulted in cyto-compatible adipose tissue scaffolds.
Highlights
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a structure composed of many types of proteins and polysaccharides such as laminin, collagens, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (Hoshiba et al, 2010; Hoshiba et al, 2015)
The adipose tissues were sectioned into pieces of 1 × 1 cm, the diaphragms were sectioned in half (1 × 2 cm), and the hearts were longitudinally sectioned into four pieces (0.5 × 1 cm)
During the decellularization with Method A and Method B, the diaphragms became translucent and dry, and white and fibrous materials were obtained after lyophilization
Summary
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a structure composed of many types of proteins and polysaccharides such as laminin, collagens, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (Hoshiba et al, 2010; Hoshiba et al, 2015). In tissue engineering, a functional scaffold should be able to mimic the in vivo ECM to support cells and to promote cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation (Rigogliuso et al, 2012; Dunne et al, 2014). Depending on the characteristics of each tissue and organ, the process of decellularization is performed physically, chemically, enzymatically, or by using combinative methods. All of these methods have their advantages and limitations (Crapo et al, 2011). We aimed to obtain decellularized rat adipose tissue, diaphragm, and heart as naturally derived scaffolds in order to mimic the in vivo microenvironment. We aimed to compare two different decellularization methods, Method A
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