Abstract
The dynamics of cardiovascular rhythms have been widely studied due to the key aspects of the heart in the physiology of living beings. Cardiac rhythms can be either periodic or chaotic. The Lyapunov exponent has been used as a measure of chaos in time series data from cardiovascular rhythms. The Malthusian parameter is closely related with the Lyapunov exponent. In this paper, we propose the adaptive observers to estimate the time-varying the Malthusian parameter as the decay and growth rate using the gradient method. We apply the estimators to evaluate the decay and growth rate of pathological cardiovascular rhythms and compare the obtained results with the instantaneous Lyapunov exponent and the recurrence plot.
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