Abstract
Novel low-temperature process that, with the availability of green electricity, enables the production of carbon-neutral cement, lime, and soda ash.
Highlights
Limestone, which makes up 1.5% of the Earth’s crust[1] and is geographically widespread, is among the world’s most essential resources since it is primarily composed of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and finds use in major industries: (1) the construction industry as a key ingredient for cement,[2,3] (2) the metallurgical industry for the refinement of steel through the production of slags,[4,5] (3) the chemical industry for the neutralisation/capture of gaseous effluents,[6] and (4) the food industryPaper for the separation of impurities during sugar refining.[7]
The reaction can proceed at atmospheric temperature and pressure and reaches effective completion within five minutes; the sodium carbonate precipitates as Na2CO3 and/or Na2CO3ÁH2O
Most of the Cl2 produced in the world is used to make four plastics: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), epoxies, polycarbonate, and polyurethane.[45]
Summary
Limestone, which makes up 1.5% of the Earth’s crust[1] and is geographically widespread, is among the world’s most essential resources since it is primarily composed of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and finds use in major industries: (1) the construction industry as a key ingredient for cement,[2,3] (2) the metallurgical industry for the refinement of steel through the production of slags,[4,5] (3) the chemical industry for the neutralisation/capture of gaseous effluents (including CO2),[6] and (4) the food industryPaper for the separation of impurities during sugar refining.[7]. Limestone, which makes up 1.5% of the Earth’s crust[1] and is geographically widespread, is among the world’s most essential resources since it is primarily composed of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and finds use in major industries: (1) the construction industry as a key ingredient for cement,[2,3] (2) the metallurgical industry for the refinement of steel through the production of slags,[4,5] (3) the chemical industry for the neutralisation/capture of gaseous effluents (including CO2),[6] and (4) the food industry. Global production of calcined limestone as lime is B400 Mt annually,[10] but the most prominent use is in cement manufacture. More than 4 Gt of cement is produced annually,[10] making it a major global CO2 emitter. This translates to B4% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions which are gradually warming our planet and changing our climate.[12,13]
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