Abstract
The key to conducting an accurate damage assessment of a target impacted by a high speed projectile is the use of a robust assessment methodology. To accurately determine total target damage, a damage assessment methodology must include the effects of discrete impacts by solid debris cloud fragments as well as impulsive loadings due to molten and vaporous debris cloud material. As a result, the amount of debris cloud material in each of the three states of matter must be known to accurately assess total target damage and break-up due to a high speed impact. This article presents a first-principles based method to calculate: the amount of material in a debris cloud created by a perforating hypervelocity impact that is solid, molten, and vaporous; the debris cloud leading edge, trailing edge, center-of-mass, and expansion velocities; and the angular spread of the debris cloud material. The predictions of this methodology are compared against those of empirically based lethality assessment schemes as well as numerical and empirical results obtained in previous studies of debris cloud formation.
Highlights
The key to conducting an accurate damage assessment of a target impacted by a high speed projectile is the use of a robust assessment methodology
To accurately determine total target damage, a damage assessment methodology must include the effects of discrete impacts by solid debris cloud fragments as well as impUlsive loadings due to molten and vaporous debris cloud material
The predictions of DEBRIS3 for vexp exceeded the experimental results by an average of approximately 40% with a standard deviation of approximately 15%. This discrepancy may have been due to the fact that the expansion velocity measured by Piekutowski (1990) was that of the heavier copper component of the debris cloud while the velocity calculated by DEBRIS3 was based on both debris cloud materials
Summary
The key to conducting an accurate damage assessment of a target impacted by a high speed projectile is the use of a robust assessment methodology. To accurately determine total target damage, a damage assessment methodology must include the effects of discrete impacts by solid debris cloud fragments as well as impUlsive loadings due to molten and vaporous debris cloud material. The molten and/or vaporous fragments in a debris cloud may not do significant damage; as a whole, they can produce a significant impulsive loading over a relatively large area inside the target This in turn can result in further damage to the target at later times. The method presented can be used for single- and multimaterial solid rod projectiles impacting a flat thin target plate At this point, no adjustments have been made to account for differences in response due to projectile yaw or impact obliquity. The predictions of this methodology are compared against those of empirically based lethality assessment schemes as well as numerical and empirical results obtained in previous studies of hypervelocity impact debris cloud formation
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