Abstract
This article analyzes variation in bombings during conventionally fought civil wars. It establishes a number of hypotheses based on a theoretical fra mework that emphasizes the role of political factors in accounting for vio lence. In addition, it takes into account emotional factors such as citizens' revenge aspirations. The hypotheses are tested with data on bombings perpetrated by the Francoist side in 1,062 municipalities of Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The results confirm that the aerial strikes are positively related to local political support for the rival group in the pre war democratic elections, as well as to executions perpetrated by the rival group during the war. The former is consistent with the political hypothesis; the latter is consistent with the revenge hypothesis.
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