Abstract
The SUMO system is a rapid dynamic post-translational mechanism employed by eukaryotic cells to respond to stress. Plant cells experience hyperSUMOylation of substrates in response to stresses such as heat, ethanol, and drought. Many SUMOylated proteins are located in the nucleus, SUMOylation altering many nuclear processes. The SUMO proteases play two key functions in the SUMO cycle by generating free SUMO; they have an important role in regulating the SUMO cycle, and by cleaving SUMO off SUMOylated proteins, they provide specificity to which proteins become SUMOylated. This review summarizes the broad literature of plant SUMO proteases describing their catalytic activity, domains and structure, evolution, localization, and response to stress and highlighting potential new areas of research in the future.
Highlights
SUMO proteins are critical for the normal function of eukaryotic cells; the protein is found in all eukaryotes from single-celled yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to all mammals and plants species
The role of SUMO proteases in immunity has been speculated for some time as plant pathogens including Xanthomonas campestris, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia pyrifoliae, and Rhizobium spp. utilize effector proteins, which are injected into plants to overcome the host defense, which have sequence homology to ULP SUMO proteases and display efficient isopeptidase activity to SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 (Orth et al, 1999; Orth et al, 2000; Deslandes et al, 2003; Hotson et al, 2003; Hotson and Mudgett, 2004; Roden et al, 2004; Bartetzko et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2013)
The role of SUMO in so many important aspects of plant biology, from hormonal processes, to abiotic responses to disease responses has demonstrated that SUMO is a critical post-translational modification in plants
Summary
Dealing With Stress: A Review of Plant SUMO Proteases. The SUMO system is a rapid dynamic post-translational mechanism employed by eukaryotic cells to respond to stress. Plant cells experience hyperSUMOylation of substrates in response to stresses such as heat, ethanol, and drought. Many SUMOylated proteins are located in the nucleus, SUMOylation altering many nuclear processes. The. SUMO proteases play two key functions in the SUMO cycle by generating free SUMO; they have an important role in regulating the SUMO cycle, and by cleaving SUMO off SUMOylated proteins, they provide specificity to which proteins become SUMOylated. This review summarizes the broad literature of plant SUMO proteases describing their catalytic activity, domains and structure, evolution, localization, and response to stress and highlighting potential new areas of research in the future
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