Abstract
Air is entrained when fine powders are loaded from a height into a container. The air takes some time to dissipate, which gives rise to problems in bag filling, silo loading, charging of bulk tankers etc. An analysis of the percolation of air through a granular bed is presented, together with an analytical solution via consolidation theory. Although the solution is approximate, the mathematics is straightforward and highlights the effect of different boundary conditions on deaeration behaviour. The mathematics also enables the prediction of large-scale deaeration behaviour from bench-scale tests on a powder. Measurements of air pressures in the interstices of the powder (pore air pressures), and their variation with time, in a large-scale hopper are presented, and compared with predictions from the theory.
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