Abstract
Fuel cells and its fuel processor will be frequently shutdown and re-started depending on the power demand. Deactivation of Pt/CeO 2 water-gas shift catalysts under conditions simulating shutdown was observed and studied using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), CO chemisorption and catalytic activity test. Results show that formation of carbonates occurs on the catalyst surface as a consequence of shutdown in reformate, leading to deactivation. The carbonates originating from both CO and CO 2 cover not only the surface of CeO 2 but also the Pt metal surface and exert an effect on its electronic properties. It is found that a correlation exists between the content of carbonates and the degree of deactivation. Regeneration by air treatment removes the carbonates and restores activity. Pt metal sintering is not found to be a factor contributing to the catalyst deactivation under the shutdown and re-startup conditions.
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