Abstract
<p class="1Body">Catalyst deactivation is a well-recognized phenomenon in the petroleum and chemical processing industries. Identifying the root causes of this phenomenon is an important factor for enhancing catalyst efficiency and preventing undesirable failures. In this study, state-of-the-art instruments were utilized to investigate the causes of catalyst deactivation that led to the replacement of the catalyst bed in one of the sulfur recovery units at a Saudi Aramco gas plant. Titania catalysts have been examined to determine the inherent deactivation mechanism and also to find out the possibilities of its curement. Understanding the root cause of the deactivation is mandatory for field engineers to minimize future catalyst deactivation. The collected analysis data revealed that the deactivation mechanism occurred for the Ti catalyst due to irreversible chemical phase transformation of the catalyst caused by a temperature runway in the catalytic converter.</p>
Highlights
Hydrogen sulfide is a naturally occurring component of crude oil and natural gas.Petroleum oil and natural gas are the products of thermal conversion of decayed organic matter that is trapped in sedimentary rocks
This paper presents a failure analysis that was conducted on Ti-based catalyst utilizing several analytical techniques to investigate the root causes resulted in the catalyst deactivation
Because the activity of titania catalyst for pure Claus reaction at industrial operation conditions is so high and it always performs at equilibrium level, instead of the direct determination of the Claus activity the measurement of CS2 conversion over the catalyst becomes almost a unique and standard procedure (11)
Summary
Hydrogen sulfide is a naturally occurring component of crude oil and natural gas. Petroleum oil and natural gas are the products of thermal conversion of decayed organic matter (kerogen) that is trapped in sedimentary rocks. Claus process is the most predominant desulfurization technique that convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur (3, 4). A typical process flow diagram for Claus unit is shown http://hengyeinc.com/claus-catalyst/The thermal stage consists of a Reaction Furnace (RF), Waste Heat Boiler (WHB), and a condenser. In this stage, 1/3 of the H2S feed is burned inside the RF to SO2 and elemental sulfur. The generated SO2 in the Reaction Furnace reacts over the catalyst bed in the catalytic converters with the remaining H2S to form elemental sulfur, which is removed from the process gas in the condenser by cooling and condensation process.
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