Abstract
Resumo O modelo manicomial produziu a exclusão da loucura da vida social, fundado no princípio do isolamento terapêutico, que gerou a institucionalização do louco e sua retirada da cidade e do direito à participação social, com a perda do direito à cidade e da condição de cidadania. Atualmente, a reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil é um dos mais importantes processos de crítica à psiquiatrização da loucura, promovendo uma desconstrução das formas de exclusão social da loucura e o debate na sociedade acerca dos direitos e da cidadania dos sujeitos em sofrimento mental e vulnerabilidade social. Diversas frentes inovadoras, de inclusão pelo trabalho, pela arte-cultura, pela militância política e de ocupação da cidade, têm configurado novas possibilidades de vida e expressão para os sujeitos, numa nova concepção sobre a loucura e a diferença, na qual os sujeitos da diversidade têm direito à cidade e à participação social.
Highlights
PUBLIC POLICIES IN MENTAL HEALTH, MADNESS AND THE CITY: FROM INSTITUTIONAL ISOLATION IN THE ASYLUM TO SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND INTERVENTION IN CULTUREIn the past decades, the psychiatric reform process in Brazil has been one of the most important mental health and inclusion of difference policies worldwide
The psychiatric reform process in Brazil has been one of the most important mental health and inclusion of difference policies worldwide. It may be considered among the most important human rights defense movements in the country, with transformations in the ways of madness care and treatment and in the forms of social and political participation of subjects in mental suffering (Amarante, 2015a, 2015c, 2011; Lancetti, 2000; Lancetti and Amarante, 2012; Pinheiro et al, 2007; Fontes and Fonte, 2010; Campos and Henriques, 1997; Bezerra Junior and Amarante, 1992; Desviat, 2015; Amarante and Costa, 2012). This process occurs by means of various strategies and mechanisms of dismantlement of the psychiatric asylum model, as well as by means of a variety of experiences and activism collectives that have produced new discourses and practices on madness and diversity, composing a new scenario regarding the historical mad person’s exclusion from the city’s life
If the removal of madness from city life and the horizon of social conviviality, and the separation of subjects considered mad by placing them in secluded treatment institutions, originates from the Pinelian version of the “therapeutic isolation” principle, which is incorporated in the perspective of the traditional psychiatric clinic, the dismantlement of this fundament lies at the center of the de-institutionalization work in the field of mental health and the psychiatric reform processes
Summary
PUBLIC POLICIES IN MENTAL HEALTH, MADNESS AND THE CITY: FROM INSTITUTIONAL ISOLATION IN THE ASYLUM TO SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND INTERVENTION IN CULTURE. The psychiatric reform process in Brazil has been one of the most important mental health and inclusion of difference policies worldwide It may be considered among the most important human rights defense movements in the country, with transformations in the ways of madness care and treatment and in the forms of social and political participation of subjects in mental suffering (Amarante, 2015a, 2015c, 2011; Lancetti, 2000; Lancetti and Amarante, 2012; Pinheiro et al, 2007; Fontes and Fonte, 2010; Campos and Henriques, 1997; Bezerra Junior and Amarante, 1992; Desviat, 2015; Amarante and Costa, 2012). The activism of the anti-asylum movement, during the past 30 years, represents a historical change in discourses and practices on madness, turning the psychiatric reform into one of the most important movements of politization and demand for rights and in defense of the right to the city
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