Abstract
De-oiled cakes of four trees born oilseeds (TBOs) viz., Neem, Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja were tested for their suitability for mass multiplication of T. harzianum and also that for how long they are able to support the survival of T. harzianum with the considerable level of population dynamics of T. harzianum. In addition to these four de-oiled cakes, two composts i.e., FYM and Vermicompost were also tested for their suitability and to have a comparison with these de-oiled cakes in supporting population dynamics and longevity of T. harzianum. Among four de-oiled cakes viz neem, jatropha, mahua and karanja, neem cake was found to be best substrate for supporting the population dynamics and longevity of T. harzianum in vitro. Neem cake maintained with 25% moisture was able to support the longevity of T. harzianum for more than 105 days with a considerable level of population, whereas Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja cakes could support the longevity of T. harzianum up to 90 days only. Mixing of pre grown Trichoderma harzianum on potato dextrose broth (PDB) to the four de-oiled cakes resulted in comparatively better population dynamics than that when it was grown on Potato Dextrose Agar.
Highlights
Modern agriculture depends largely on the use of chemical inputs, such as pesticides and fertilizers, to control plant pathogens and to enhance crop yield
It is evident from the table, that among the substrates tested after 15 days of incubation (DAI), the highest mean population of T. harzianum in the form of CFUs (30.67 × 106) was supported by Neem cake, which was significantly higher than the mean population (27.33 × 106) supported by Jatropha cake
The Jatropha and Mahua (26.67 × 106) cakes were found to be at par with each other in supporting the population of T. harzianum, while Karanja cake, which supported 24.67 × 106 CFUs of T. harzianum was lower than the mean population supported by Mahua cake
Summary
Modern agriculture depends largely on the use of chemical inputs, such as pesticides and fertilizers, to control plant pathogens and to enhance crop yield. Some naturally occurring soil bacteria and fungi have demonstrated great potential to antagonize crop pathogens, biological control involving the use of such beneficial microorganisms for plant protection is being considered as a viable substitute to reduce the use of chemical pesticides [1] These beneficial microorganisms need some suitable carrier for their delivery, which can support their life during storage and transportation. Many agro-industrial bio-products such as de-oiled cakes of tree born oils seeds (TBOs) like Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) which are going waste or used as a less profitable and usable products since centuries These de-oiled cakes contain several chemicals, micronutrients, and many more constituents which might served as good source of nutrition for beneficial microorganisms (growth promoter and biocontrol agents) in crop cultivation might be exploited for mass multiplication of fungal biocontrol agents (Trichoderma spp.). The oil cakes of TBOs may serve as source of diversified nutrition for BCAs when used as substrate for mass culturing of antagonists
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