De Novo Transcriptomic Analyses Revealed Some Detoxification Genes and Related Pathways Responsive to Noposion Yihaogong® 5% EC (Lambda-Cyhalothrin 5%) Exposure in Spodoptera frugiperda Third-Instar Larvae.

Muhammad Hafeez,Fei Xu,Sakhawat Shah,Jinming Zhang,Yaobin Lu,Muhammad Musa Khan,Likun Wang,G Mandela Fernández-Grandon,Myron P Zalucki,Zhijun Zhang,Xiaowei Li,Jun Huang

doi:10.3390/insects12020132

Abstract

Simple SummaryInsect pest resistance to synthetic insecticides is a major problem that limits efficient management and thus decreases productivity for farmers and increases the use of harmful materials that pollute the environment and endanger humans and beneficial organisms. A major approach for resistance management is understanding how insect pest field populations develop resistance at molecular levels. To provide a comprehensive insight into the resistance mechanisms of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin 5%, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance mechanism in field collected population of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to lambda-cyhalothrin 5% insecticide, a pyrethroid insecticide by using de novo transcriptomics analysis. We found that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin 5% can be metabolic by increasing the levels of detoxifying enzymes such as P450, GST and UGT and related genes to insecticide resistance in the field population. The obtained transcriptome information provides large gene resources available for further studying the resistance development of Spodoptera frugiperda to pesticides. The DGE data provide comprehensive insights into the gene expression profiles of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to lambda-cyhalothrin 5% and will facilitate the study of the role of each gene in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance development.The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous, invasive insect pest which causes significant losses in important crops wherever it has spread. The use of pesticides in agriculture is a key tool in the management of many important crop pests, including S. frugiperda, but continued use of insecticides has selected for various types of resistance, including enzyme systems that provide enhanced mechanisms of detoxification. In the present study, we analyzed the de novo transcriptome of S. frugiperda larvae exposed to Noposion Yihaogong® 5% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) insecticide focusing on detoxification genes and related pathways. Results showed that a total of 1819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in larvae after being treated with Noposion Yihaogong® 5% EC insecticide, of which 863 were up- and 956 down-regulated. Majority of these differentially expressed genes were identified in numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including metabolism of xenobiotics and drug metabolism. Furthermore, many of S. frugiperda genes involved in detoxification pathways influenced by lambda-cyhalothrin stress support their predicted role by further co-expression network analysis. Our RT-qPCR results were consistent with the DEG’s data of transcriptome analysis. The comprehensive transcriptome sequence resource attained through this study enriches the genomic platform of S. frugiperda, and the identified DEGs may enable greater molecular underpinnings behind the insecticide-resistance mechanism caused by lambda-cyhalothrin.

Highlights

IntroductionThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important insect pest of major crops occurring mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the American continent [1,2]
To further understand the roles of detoxification genes, we identified 52 genes from transcriptome under Noposion Yihaogong® 5% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) insecticide stress and analyzed the correlation network based on the Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs) (Figure 5)
Amplification, overexpression and/or modification of genes that encode a number of the microsomal oxidase such as cytochrome P450s (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and CarEs groups have been reported to be responsible for metabolic resistance in a range of insect species to carbamates, pyrethroids and organophosphates insecticides [20,50]

Summary

Introduction

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important insect pest of major crops occurring mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the American continent [1,2]. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important insect pest of major crops occurring mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the American continent [1,2] In recent years, it has invaded West and Central. Africa, where it has been responsible for substantial crop losses and threatens food security in the region [3]. China is the world’s second-largest producer of maize, and the crop is planted over large areas in all provinces, and maize serves as food, feed, and industrial material [12,13]

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