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Abstract
Background: The medicinal herb, Pinellia ternata, is purported to be an anti-emetic with analgesic and sedative effects. Alkaloids are the main biologically active compounds in P. ternata, especially ephedrine that is a phenylpropylamino alkaloid specifically produced by Ephedra and Catha edulis. However, how ephedrine is synthesized in plants is uncertain. Only the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and relevant genes in this pathway have been characterized. Genomic information of P. ternata is also unavailable.Results: We analyzed the transcriptome of the tuber of P. ternata with the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing platform. 66,813,052 high-quality reads were generated, and these reads were assembled de novo into 89,068 unigenes. Most known genes involved in benzoic acid biosynthesis were identified in the unigene dataset of P. ternata, and the expression patterns of some ephedrine biosynthesis-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Also, 14,468 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from 12,000 unigenes. Twenty primer pairs for SSRs were randomly selected for the validation of their amplification effect.Conclusion: RNA-seq data was used for the first time to provide a comprehensive gene information on P. ternata at the transcriptional level. These data will advance molecular genetics in this valuable medicinal plant.
Highlights
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Berit. is an anti-emetic with analgesic and sedative effects, and has been applied as an antitussive and expectorant (He et al, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2007; Zhang et al, 2007)
The length distributions of contigs, unigenes and coding sequence (CDS) are depicted in Figure 2 and the sequences of all unigenes assembled by Trinity are shown in Data Sheet 2
ThDP-dependent pyruvate decarboxylase (ThPDC) or acetolactate synthase (AHAS) might catalyze the condensation of pyruvic acid and benzoic acid to form 1-phenylpropane1,2-dione (Müller et al, 2009), in the transcriptome of P. ternata, we identified 8 unigenes that may encode the PDC gene, and 10 unigenes were annotated as candidate AHAS genes Table 2; Data Sheet 6)
Summary
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Berit. is an anti-emetic with analgesic and sedative effects, and has been applied as an antitussive and expectorant (He et al, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2007; Zhang et al, 2007). Is an anti-emetic with analgesic and sedative effects, and has been applied as an antitussive and expectorant (He et al, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2007; Zhang et al, 2007). The alkaloids isolated from the tubers of P. ternata are said to have anticancer properties (Wang and Zhou, 2007). Due to overexploitation and lack of large-scale plantings, P. ternata sources are becoming increasingly scarce. The medicinal herb, Pinellia ternata, is purported to be an anti-emetic with analgesic and sedative effects. Alkaloids are the main biologically active compounds in P. ternata, especially ephedrine that is a phenylpropylamino alkaloid produced by Ephedra and Catha edulis. How ephedrine is synthesized in plants is uncertain.
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