Abstract
During the long transition from the classical to the industrial era, the French engineering profession was gradually recognized as economically and socially important. This manifested itself in the creation of state engineering councils like the ‘Ponts et Chaussees’. The state engineering councils were also among the first to abandon the traditional methods of recruitment (connections and recommendations) in favour of meritocratic procedures. This evolution can be deduced from studies of the schools that prepared students for state engineering careers. The ‘Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees’, which was founded in 1747, is one of the most interesting in this respect. Here we can also observe the gradual change of the profile of the engineers, from the ‘artist’ of the Old Regime to the ‘technologist’ of the industrial era.
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