Abstract
This paper aims to do about the relationship between Hebrew grammar, comparative linguistics of the Semitic languages and Indo-European comparative linguistics in the context of 19th century Germany (from Gesenius' «Lehrgebaude der hebraischen Sprache» published in 1817 till Bauer and Leander's «Historische Grammatik der hebraischen Sprache» published in 1918). I try to analyse how the methodological groping of the Indo-European comparative linguistics is reflected in the beginnings of the comparative grammar of the Semitic languages, which was an auxiliary tool of the Hebrew Grammar. However, during the last decades, Semitic comparative linguistics was transformed by new trends such as arabocentric or assyriocentric tendencies. By centring the comparison around Hebrew language and by integrating the progress made by assyriology, Bauer and Leander paved the way to the growth of modern comparative linguistics, the main scope of which is the reconstruction of Protosemitic beyond the data provided by historically attested languages, archaic as they might be
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