Abstract
This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, switching frequency, electromagnetic interference (EMI), losses, effectiveness, reliability and cost. This paper also evaluates the architecture, merits and demerits of converter topologies (AC-DC and DC-DC) for Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs). On the basis of this analysis, it has found that the Multidevice Interleaved DC-DC Bidirectional Converter (MDIBC) is the most suitable topology for high-power BEVs and PHEVs (> 10kW), thanks to its low input current ripples, low output voltage ripples, low electromagnetic interference, bidirectionality, high efficiency and high reliability. In contrast, for low-power electric vehicles (<10 kW), it is tough to recommend a single candidate that is the best in all possible aspects. However, the Sinusoidal Amplitude Converter, the Z-Source DC-DC converter and the boost DC-DC converter with resonant circuit are more suitable for low-power BEVs and PHEVs because of their soft switching, noise-free operation, low switching loss and high efficiency. Finally, this paper explores the opportunity of using wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) in DC-DC converters for BEVs, PHEVs and converters for FCHARs. Specifically, the future roadmap of research for WBGSs, modeling of emerging topologies and design techniques of the control system for BEV and PHEV powertrains are also presented in detail, which will certainly help researchers and solution engineers of automotive industries to select the suitable converter topology to achieve the growth of projected power density.
Highlights
Vehicles have been shaping human civilization for centuries and expanding their horizons beyond a few localized communities and automobiles are the most modern form of this vehicle transportation.The increasing usage of conventional automobiles is causing harm to the environment and human life, as these automobiles burn petrol, diesel or natural gas and produce carbon dioxide (CO2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and oxides of nitrogen as harmful exhaust components
Switching circuits of DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) powertrains and and fast charger converters are supported by Si-based semiconductors (Si-MOSFETs and Si-IGBTs)
From a technical point of view, wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) are more suitable for EVs and Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs) power
Summary
The increasing usage of conventional automobiles is causing harm to the environment and human life, as these automobiles burn petrol, diesel or natural gas and produce carbon dioxide (CO2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and oxides of nitrogen as harmful exhaust components. In the EU, the transportation sector is accountable for approximately a quarter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as illustrated in Figure 1 [1]. Energies 2019, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW emissions in the transportation sector increased up to 36% in the same period [2], [3]. To combat this situation and tothis maintain regulation of the signed “Doha Amendment to the. To combat situation and to maintain regulation of the signed “Doha
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