Abstract
Variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as solarphotovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines (WT), are starting to play a significant role in several energy systems around the globe. To overcome the problem of their non-dispatchable and stochastic nature, several approaches have been proposed so far. This paper describes a novel mathematical model for scheduling the operation of a wind-powered pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) hybrid for 25 to 48 h ahead. The model is based on mathematical programming and wind speed forecasts for the next 1 to 24 h, along with predicted upper reservoir occupancy for the 24th hour ahead. The results indicate that by coupling a 2-MW conventional wind turbine with a PSH of energy storing capacity equal to 54 MWh it is possible to significantly reduce the intraday energy generation coefficient of variation from 31% for pure wind turbine to 1.15% for a wind-powered PSH The scheduling errors calculated based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are significantly smaller for such a coupling than those seen for wind generation forecasts, at 2.39% and 27%, respectively. This is even stronger emphasized by the fact that, those for wind generation were calculated for forecasts made for the next 1 to 24 h, while those for scheduled generation were calculated for forecasts made for the next 25 to 48 h. The results clearly show that the proposed scheduling approach ensures the high reliability of the WT–PSH energy source.
Highlights
The randomness and high variability of wind power strongly limits its potential to be a reliable energy source
The analyses presented in these papers are part of a larger project aiming to ensure total energy autarky by means of a wind turbines (WT)–pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) hybrid cooperating with a PV installation
The results indicate that WT–PSH operating on such a formula can be a reliable energy source operating as a baseload
Summary
The randomness and high variability of wind power strongly limits its potential to be a reliable energy source. The problem of VRES integration has recently been scrutinised by [3,4,5], whereas [6,7] have summarised approaches which can be used to ease and overcome this problem. Those include, inter alia: energy storage; spatial and temporal complementarity of energy sources; demand side management (DMS); hybrid energy sources; vehicle-to-grid (V2G); power generation capacity oversizing; and transmission lines connecting energy systems in different locations. This paper, to some extent, builds upon those concepts and aims to overcome the problem of the inherent variability of wind generation by coupling it with almost the only bulk (and certainly the most mature) form of energy storage in the form of PSH, and by proposing a novel scheduling formula for the 25 to 48 h
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