Day-ahead multi-objective optimal operation of Wind–PV–Pumped Storage hybrid system considering carbon emissions

Abstract

It is crucial to alleviate the problems of energy consumption and grid fluctuations caused by the randomness and intermittency of variable renewable energy (VRE) such as wind power and photovoltaic (PV). Under the new situation of “carbon neutrality”, the optimal operation of Wind–PV–Pumped Storage (PS) hybrid system is studied in this paper. The direct economic benefits, carbon emissions and the stability of active power connected to the grid are selected as the objectives of the hybrid operation system. The Wind–PV–PS optimal operation model is established with the constraints of unit spinning reserve and reservoir capacity with the characteristics of hydropower system. The optimization is executed through Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the optimal solution is selected by the membership normalization method from the Pareto optimal solution set. The results of the objective values before and after the configuration of PS system show that the stability of power grid decreases with the increase of economic and environmental benefits. The VRE curtailment rate is reduced by 8.57%; the economic rate of return is increased by 14.37%; the carbon emissions are reduced by 3.984 million t/year; and the active power volatility of the grid is reduced as well. The hybrid system with PS plays an important role in promoting the safe, economic and efficient grid connection of VRE.