Abstract
This chapter focuses on the dative bond and the dipole moment. A dative or co-ordinate bond is a covalent bond which originates from the donation of an electron-pair from one atom (or group of atoms) to an empty orbital on a second atom. Although the origin of the electron-pair in a co-ordinate bond is usually a lone pair on the donating atom, it can also be an electron-pair residing in a bonding σ- or π-orbital. Molecules act as electric dipoles if the charge distribution in them corresponds to a separation of regions of partial positive and negative charges. This occurs when the vector sum of the bond and lone pair dipole moments have a non-zero resultant.
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