Abstract
Application of remote sensing to aquatic habitats is generally complex, due to the presence of optically active components that absorb or scatter light. According to the Beer–Lambert law, as electromagnetic energy travels through a medium, it is attenuated at an exponential rate determined by the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Determination of attenuation coefficients is complex for optically shallow inland and coastal waters due to bottom reflection and/or multi-path scattering. To better understand light attenuation in shallow waters, mathematical relationships between water depth and vertical attenuation coefficient (K d) were derived using experimental spectral data (400–900 nm). The model was used to estimate K d values at water depths that were beyond and in between the experimentally measured points (5–60 cm). The depth- and wavelength-dependent K d values were used to correct the measured spectral reflectance for the corresponding light attenuation to restore the bottom reflectance signals. After the correction, the spectral reflectance patterns measured above submerged aquatic plants appeared to include a restored signal from vegetation especially in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Comparison between the modelled spectra and the empirically measured spectra suggest that the proposed approach produced an effective model for light attenuation in optically shallow waters.
Published Version
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