Abstract
Following the closure relation of normal mode theory, the source depth can be estimated approximately provided that the eigenfunction and the excited amplitude with correct polarity of each effective mode are given. Both the eigenfunction and the excited amplitude of each effective mode can be extracted using the data-derived method, which does not require a priori knowledge about ocean environment and source range but the sound pressure data observed by vertical line array. The polarities, undetermined by data-derived method, can be estimated using a cost function. Then, the source depth is determined by locating the peak of the object function defined by the closure relation with the correct polarities. Numerical simulation and experiment are carried out to illustrate the performance of this method.
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