Abstract
Abstract. Remote Sensing plays a critical role in operational volcano monitoring due to the often remote locations of volcanic systems and the large spatial extent of potential eruption pre-cursor signals. Despite the all-weather capabilities of radar remote sensing and despite its high performance in monitoring change, the contribution of radar data to operational monitoring activities has been limited in the past. This is largely due to (1) the high data costs associated with radar data, (2) the slow data processing and delivery procedures, and (3) the limited temporal sampling provided by spaceborne radars. With this paper, we present new data processing and data integration techniques that mitigate some of the above mentioned limitations and allow for a meaningful integration of radar remote sensing data into operational volcano monitoring systems. The data integration concept presented here combines advanced data processing techniques with fast data access procedures in order to provide high quality radar-based volcano hazard information at improved temporal sampling rates. First performance analyses show that the integration of SAR can significantly improve the ability of operational systems to detect eruptive precursors. Therefore, the developed technology is expected to improve operational hazard detection, alerting, and management capabilities.
Highlights
Volcanic eruptions are among the most significant hazards to human society, capable of triggering natural disasters on regional to global scales
We presented a prototype system that integrates Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-derived hazard information into the operational volcano monitoring environment of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The workflow of the developed system was shown and processing steps were described that allow for a meaningful integration of SAR into operational volcano monitoring systems
Summary
Volcanic eruptions are among the most significant hazards to human society, capable of triggering natural disasters on regional to global scales. The capability of SAR for observing volcanoes is further emphasized by the high performance of SAR in change detection applications and by the ability of spaceborne interferometric SAR (InSAR) to measure eruption-related surface deformation signals Despite these benefits, the contribution of SAR to operational volcano monitoring has been limited in the past due to the following reasons: (1) high SAR data costs have largely prohibited their large scale usage in operational systems; (2) data processing has traditionally been slow, causing significant delays in data delivery; (3) most data processing routines applied to detect change and measure surface deformation require acquisitions from near-identical vantage points, reducing temporal sampling. The addition of SAR enhanced the capabilities of activity detection and eruption forecasting, and improved the accuracy and timeliness of eruption alerts
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